Layten's Database Wiki
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This page documents the tornadoes in which I have judged to have been an F5 or EF5. Sources used to reach this conclusion may include damage surveys, image s of the destruction, reports, or witness accounts. Some tornadoes have been raised to, or downgraded from F5/EF5, but most of the tornadoes here will be listed in official records as F5/EF5 events. NOTE: Tornadoes before 2007 in the US were rated using the Fujita scale prior to February 1, 2007, and in Canada prior to March 2, 2011, when the Enhanced Fujita Scale came into operational use. Ratings after this time elsewhere are rated using either the TORRO scale (if in Europe), or the Fujita Scale, unless otherwise noted. Winds estimated using the old Fujita Scale will be much higher than those of the Enhanced Fujita Scale, due to the older scale having higher wind speed estimates.

Key

Colour Comment
Officially rated as an F5 or EF5 event by local offices, and agreed with here.
Unofficially rated as an F5 or EF5 event by the local offices, or an event I have considered as an F5/EF5 event after further research.
Rated at or below F5/EF5 officially, but rating is uncertain, whether it be because of poor building codes, or being a poorly documented event.

Events

1950 - 1975

Event date Location Estimated windspeeds Fatalities Comments
May 18, 1951 Olney, Texas 270 mph 2 Several homes were completely swept away, leaving little evidence behind.
May 11, 1953 Waco, Texas 290 mph 114 Numerous high rise buildings were either levelled or partially swept away, including several homes.
June 8, 1953 Flint, Michigan 290 mph 114 Whole districts of homes were completely swept away, and intense ground scouring left behind colloidal markings as well.
June 8, 1953 Cygnet, Ohio 270 mph 18 Several homes were swept completely away, and a steel and concrete bridge was destroyed.
June 9, 1953 Worcester, Massachusetts 280 mph 94 Numerous well built structures with numerous interior walls were completely leveled, entire blocks of homes were swept cleanly away, and Assumption College was severely damaged, with its upper floors decimated. A multi storage tank weighing several tonnes was thrown across a road, and hundreds of trees were completely stripped of their bark along much of the damage path. Debris from the tornado was found in the Atlantic Ocean, after being thrown several miles from where it originated.
June 27, 1953 Adair, Wisconsin 275 mph 1 4 farms were swept away, leaving little trace left behind. Machinery at these sites was found hundreds of yards away from where it originated, and boarding was driven into tree trunks.
May 1, 1954 Crowell, Texas – Snyder, Oklahoma 290 mph None 3 farms were completely obliterated with little trace left behind, and vehicles were thrown 100 yards before being mangled.
May 25, 1955 Blackwell, Oklahoma 290 mph 20 Several homes and businesses were completely swept away.
May 25, 1955 Udall, Kansas 290 mph 80 Several homes and businesses were completely swept away, including several that were well built as well. A concrete block building was completely obliterated, leaving only a bare foundation behind in its wake. Vehicles were thrown impressive distances, before being stripped to their frames and wrapped around trees, and several trees were either obliterated or completely debarked.
July 2, 1955 Walcott, North Dakota 290 mph 2 11 farms and a home were completely swept away.
April 3, 1956 Hudsonville–Grand Rapids, Michigan 300 mph 18 Several homes were completely swept away, with impressive wind rowing of the remaining debris being observed. Vehicles int his area were also tossed hundreds of yards,before being stripped down to their frames. Of particular note was a home that was well built, and had all of its tiled flooring scoured from the damaged foundation that was left behind.
May 20, 1957 Ruskin Heights, Missouri 310 mph 44 Entire subdivisions of homes were swept away, several of which were securely anchor bolted to their foundations. One of these homes was noted to have taken particularly extreme damage, with its securely bolted subflooring also being swept away as well, leaving behind only the compromised foundation. A steel reinforced school was partially levelled, and many businesses sustained F5 damage along the tornadoes damage path.
June 20, 1957 Fargo, North Dakota 280 mph 10 Many homes were completely levelled, with some of them also being swept away as well. Impressive wind rowing of debris occurred, with debris being found several miles away in fields.
December 18, 1957 Sunfield, Illinois 270 mph 1 The entire town of Sunfield was swept away, leaving little trace behind.
June 4, 1958 Menomonie –

Colfax, Wisconsin

265 mph 21 Several homes were swept away, and a car was wrapped around a steel bridge that collapsed during the tornado.
May 5, 1960 Prague, Oklahoma 270 mph 5 Several homes were swept away, and oil tanks weighing several tonnes were thrown long distances. Extensive ground scouring was also noted, with 6 inches of vegetation being scoured from the ground.
May 19, 1960 Wamengo, Kansas 265 mph None 2 farms were swept away. Beyond this, not much is known about this tornado.
May 30, 1961 Custer - Valley County, Nebraska 265 mph None An entire farm was swept away, with heavy machinery being thrown several hundred yards from the same location.
April 3, 1964 Wichita Falls, Texas 270 mph 7 Several homes were swept away, and vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards.
April 12, 1964 Lawrence, Kansas 270 mph None Homes were levelled or swept away, and a truck was thrown 300 yards.
May 5, 1964 Bradshaw, Nebraska 270 mph 4 Several farms were swept away.
April 11, 1965 Midway, Indiana 270 mph 14 Homes were swept away,and an airplane wing ripped of a plane by the tornado was found 35 miles away.
April 11, 1965 Rainbow Lake, Indiana 265 mph 5 Homes were swept away.
April 11, 1965 Dunlap, Indiana 265 mph 36 2 subdivisions of homes were swept away, along with a truck stop
April 11, 1965 Lebanon - Sheridan, Indiana 265 mph 28 Several farms were completely swept away, and vehicles were thrown up to 100 yards from where they originated.
April 11, 1965 Toledo, Ohio 270 mph 18 Several homes were completely swept away, and boats and buses were found to have been thrown onto buildings.
April 11, 1965 Pittsville -Strongsville, Ohio 280 mph 18 Several homes were cleanly swept from their foundations, leaving little evidence behind. The whole of Pittsville was destroyed, with only a concrete war monument remaining standing.
May 8, 1965 Primrose, Nebraska 280 mph 4 Homes were swept cleanly from their foundations, and cars were thrown up to 400 yards from where they originated.
May 8, 1965 Gregory, South Dakota 270 mph None Many homes were levelled, including 3 that were cleanly swept away.
March 3, 1966 Jackson, Mississippi 290 mph 57 Many homes were completely swept away, and a brick church was also completely swept away as well. Vehicles were tossed half a mile from where they originated during the event, and the newly built Candle Stick Park was completely levelled, with large masonry blocks from the site being scattered over large distances. A glass manufacturing plant had its steel girders severely bent by the force of the tornado as well.
June 8, 1966 Topeka, Kansas 290 mph 16 Extreme damage was noted, with entire rows of houses being swept away, vehicles thrown long distances, and grass being scoured from lawns.
June 24, 1967 Polluel, France 270 mph 6 Rated T10, this tornado swept away numerous homes, and businesses along its path.
May 15, 1968 Charles City, Iowa 290 mph 13 Many homes and farms were swept away, and a clear multiple vortex was noted in damage surveys, with numerous cycloidal markings noted along much of the path.
May 15, 1968 Oelwein -Maynard, Iowa 270 mph 5 Numerous homes were completely swept away along most of the tornadoes path.
June 13, 1968 Tracy, Minnesota 270 mph 9 111 homes were destroyed, with many being swept away. Boxcars were tossed 300 yards, and a steel I-beam was thrown 2 miles whilst still attached to a roof. Extreme ground scouring also occurred, and several farms were also swept away.
January 10, 1973 San Justo, Argentina 280 mph 54 Masonry buildings were swept away, vehicles were thrown hundreds of meters and stripped to their frames, with the engine of one being found embedded into a concrete wall. Numerous large factories were completely levelled, and grass was scoured from the ground.
May 11, 1970 Lubbock, Texas 280 mph 26 Numerous homes were completely swept away, and a high rise building suffered deformation. A 13 tonne fertiliser tank was thrown a mile, and oil tanks were thrown up to 300 yards from where they originated.
May 11, 1973 Valley Mills, Texas 270 mph 26 Most of the buildings on a farm were swept away, leaving little evidence behind,and a truck was thrown half a mile.
April 3, 1974 Daisy Hill, Indiana 270 mph 6 Entire farms were levelled, and several homes were completely swept away.
April 3, 1974 Xenia, Ohio 275 mph 32 Entire rows of well built brick homes were completely swept off their foundations, and impressive wind rowing was also noted. Steel reinforced schools also took heavy damage, with some having their steel girders twisted.
April 3, 1974 Brandenburg, Kentucky 290 mph 31 Numerous well built, anchored homes were swept away, including one that also had its walk out basement wall collapsed. Impressive windrowing of debris occurred, and trees were either obliterated or completely debarked. The ground scouring was so extreme that shrubbery was scoured from near and around exposed foundations. Vehicles in the path of the tornado were thrown several hundred yards, before being stripped down to their frames.
April 3, 1974 Sayler Park, Ohio 270 mph 3 Several homes were swept away, and a large floating restaurant was ripped from its moorings and thrown upside down by the force of the tornado. Other boats, and several vehicles, were also thrown long distances as well.
April 3, 1974 Mount Hope –

Tanner – Harvest, Alabama

280 mph 28 Numerous homes were swept away, with impressive wind rowing of debris scattering the remains of buildings over a wide area. Trees were levelled, with the ground being scoured, and the materials being plastered to the remaining bark on the trees that survived, with small shrubbery also being debarked. Also at this location, a pump was lifted out of a well.
April 3, 1974 Tanner-Hazel Green, Alabama 265 mph 22 Although rated an F5 officially, it is uncertain as to what the exact rating the tornado actually achieved, as it hit areas hit by another F5 tornado only 45 minutes earlier. Regardless of this, it is rated a minimal F5, with several homes having been swept away, and extensive wind rowing also occurring.
April 3, 1974 Guin, Alabama 280 mph 28 This tornado is considered as one oof the most powerful to ever touch down. Most of Guin was either levelled or completely swept away, with foundations being severely compromised or even swept away as well in some cases. The Guin Mobile Home Plant was demolished, leaving only a pile of mangled beams on the foundation. Thousands of trees were either ripped from the ground or snapped, and severe ground scouring was also noted.

1975 - 1999

Event date Location Estimated windspeeds Fatalities Comments
April 19, 1976 Brownwood, Texas 270 mph None Numerous homes were completely swept away, and people were thrown half a mile from where they were before the tornado hit. It is worth noting that the official F5 rating is disputed, but stays here due to structural damages inflicted during the event.
June 3, 1976 Jordon, Iowa 290 mph None Numerous homes were swept away by this tornado, with well built farms being completely swept away during the event, leaving little trace of their existence behind.
April 4, 1977 Birmingham, Alabama 290 mph 22 Numerous homes were swept away, including several that also had their porches also swept clean from their foundations. Extreme tree damage was noted, with trees either being completely debarked, and in some cases even reduced to bare stumps. Trucks weighing several tonnes were also thrown long distances by the force of the tornado as it passed through.
June 8, 1984 Berneveld, Wisconsin 270 mph 9 A row of newly built, anchored homes was completely swept away, leaving little trace behind. Severe tree damage was also noted, with some even reduced to bare stumps. Vehicles were also tossed hundreds of yards through the air.
June 9, 1984 Ivanovo, Russia 310 mph 92+ This extreme tornado caused damage that was rated T11 on the TORRO scale, some of the most intense winds ever estimated. A crane weighing several hundred tonnes was thrown 200 meters though the air and severely damaged, several water tanks weighing several tonnes were thrown hundreds of meters, and trees were either obliterated completely, or thrown extremely long distances. Several steel reinforced buildings were completely swept away, leaving little or no debris behind in some cases.
June 9, 1984 Kostromo, Russia 265 mph None Officially rated an F4, yet surveys indicate possible F5 damage occurred. Trees were ripped completely from the ground, and a crane weighing 350 tonnes was blown over from the intense winds. I have estimated the tornado to have been an F5 based on the crane having been blown over.
May 31, 1985 Niles, Ohio - Wheatland, Pennsylvania 305 mph 18 Impressive damage was noted along much of this violent tornadoes path, with a shopping center being completely obliterated by the intense winds. At this site, steel girders at the center of the buildings frame were severely bent, and even snapped in some cases. Several well built, anchored homes were completely swept away, leaving little trace behind. Impressive wind rowing of debris and extreme ground scouring was also noted along much of the damage path. A steel framed trucking plant was completely levelled and partially swept away as well, with the remaining beams severely damaged. what little debris left from this site was found deeply wedged into the remains of the parking lot. A airplane wing was also found to have been torn from a plane, and was found severely damaged about 10 miles from where it originated.
July 31, 1987 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 270 mph 27 This tornado tossed several large oil tanks, each weighing several tonnes, were thrown through the air, and several trailers were obliterated and the debris scattered. In this area, extensive wind rowing of debris also occurred, and grass was also scoured from the ground as well, resulting in an F5 rating here as a result.
March 13, 1990 Hesston, Kansas 270 mph 1 Several homes were completely swept away, leaving little evidence behind, and industrial buildings were also obliterated, with vehicles being stripped to their frames and tossed hundreds of yards.
March 13, 1990 Goessel, Kansas 270 mph 1 Rating is based mainly on intense ground scouring, though little data still exists on this tornado.
August 28, 1990 Plainfield, Illinois 270 mph 27 The rating of this tornado is again mainly based of the intense ground scouring that occurred, with a mature corn crop having ben completely scoured from the ground by the intense winds. Aslso in this area, several inches of topsoil were also scoured from the ground as well. A 20 tonne tracktor was picked up and thrown more than half a mile from where it originated,also likely suggesting that the tornado was an F5 at this point as well. Other vehicles were thrown extremely long distances by this tornado as well, though structures only sustained high end F4 damage.
April 26, 1991 Andover, Kansas 290 mph 17 Several large, well built and anchored homes were completely swept away, leaving little evidence behind. Impressive wind rowing of debris occurred, with granulated debris trails leading away from empty foundations. The tornado was so intense that it was also able to strip the bark from very small twigs, as well as reducing several trees to bare stumps. Numerous vehicles were picked up and thrown up to 3/4 of a mile from where they originated, before being mangled and reduced to their frames.
April 26, 1991 Red Rock, Oklahoma 285 mph None Mobile Doppler radar recorded winds of 286 mph within the tornado, around the time it was doing extensive ground scouring. Around this time, a large oil rig was also toppled, also supporting the F5 rating it was given.
June 16, 1992 Chandler, Minnesota 270 mph 1 Numerous well built homes were completely swept away, leaving little trace, and vehicles were thrown impressive distances and stripped to their frames.
June 8, 1995 Kellerville, Texas 300 mph None Extreme ground scouring occurred during this tornado, with only bare soil left in some areas, and a building took such bad damage that the initial damage survey missed it.
July 18, 1996 Oakfield, Wisconsin 270 mph None Numerous well built homes, complete with anchor bolts, were swept away. One of these homes had the rebars bent over at a 90 degree angle, and vehicles around this location were tossed 400 yards through the air, before being mangled and stripped to their frames. Crops were scoured to 1 inch tall stubble.
May 27, 1997 Jarrell, Texas 290 mph 27 This extreme, slow moving tornado completely devastated the town of Jarrell, completely sweeping away an entire division of well built homes, most of which were held in place by secure anchor bolts. Extreme ground scouring, up to 18 inches deep in some areas, was noted. Extreme wind rowing of debris also occurred, likely due to its slow movement, with the debris being finely granulated. A large recycling plant was completely obliterated and swept away as well.
April 8, 1998 Oak Grove - Pleasant Grove, Alabama 270 mph 32 Several rows of houses were completely swept away, some of which were well built and anchored to their foundations.
April 8, 1998 Wayne County, Tennessee 265 mph 3 Multiple homes were reduced to their foundations by this violent tornado, and a reanalysis in 2013 indicated that EF5 damage may have occurred.
April 8, 1998 Lawrence County, Tennessee 265 mph None Numerous large, well built, and in some cases even anchored homes were completely swept away, and vehicles were tossed hundreds of yards through the air. An extreme patch of ground scouring 67 yards wide was noted, where grass had been completely removed, and the earth pulled up in clumps by the tornado.
May 3, 1999 Bridge Creek - Moore, Oklahoma 300 mph 36 A Doppler on Wheels mobile radar operated by Dr Joshua Wurman recorded winds of 318 mph about 100 meters off the ground, which is about 302 mph at ground level, which is rounded down to 300 mph here. Impressive damage occurred along most of the path of this extremely violent tornado, with hundreds of buildings either being completely levelled or obliterated by the intense winds, some of which were securely bolted to their foundations. Impressive wind rowing of debris was noted, with the debris having been finely granulated in the worst hit areas. Trees were either obliterated or completely debarked, and vehicles were thrown up to 440 yards from where they originated. A plane wing was carried for several miles after being torn off a plane, and a 36,000 pound freight car was thrown 3/4 mile from where it originated.
May 11, 1999 Loyal Valley, Texas 275 mph 1 Officially rated very high end F4, but is listed here for several reasons. Two homes were completely swept away from their foundations, with the remaining debris wind rowed over long distances. A pickup truck was torn apart, and the pieces scattered over a 3/4 mile radius, and a 720 foot long stretch of pavement was scoured from a road. Severe tree damage occurred, with trees being stripped completely of their bark in some cases.

2000 - present

Event date Location Estimated windspeeds Fatalities Comments
November 10, 2002 Van Wert - Napoleon, Ohio 265 mph 4 Offically rated an F4, but appears here as an F5. Several homes were swept away, and cars were thrown long distances before being wrapped around trees. This tornado also left distinct colloidal markings in farming fields.
May 4, 2003 Neosho County, Kansas - Liberal, Missouri 265 mph 3 Several homes were completely levelled, including one that was swept away. Extensive ground scouring was also noted, and trees were either debarked or ripped from the ground before being thrown up to a mile away.
February 28, 2007 Selma - Pleasanton, Kansas 200 mph 3 Offiially rated an EF4. However, the tornado did sweep away a farm, though its not clear if it was well built or not, so is listed here as a possible EF5 as a result. Numerous homes were completely levelled, severe damage occurred, and powerlines were destroyed. As a result, the tornado has winds of 200 mph here, which is very high EF4.
May 7, 2007 Greensburg, Kansas 205 mph 11 95% of Greensburg destroyed or swept away.
June 22, 2007 Elie, Manitoba, Canada 265 mph None 2 well built brick buildings were swept away, and vehicles were tossed impressive distances. Only tornado to be officially rated F5 in Canadian history.
May 25, 2008 Parkersburg – New Hartford, Iowa 220 mph 9 Numerous well built, anchored buildings were completely swept away, leaving little trace behind. Reinforced concrete poles were ripped from the ground and dragged several hundred yards.
April 27, 2011 Philadephia - Preston, Mississippi 205 mph 3 Extreme ground scouring occurred, and several buildings were completely swept away, leaving little evidence behind. Vehicles were also thrown impressive distances.
April 27, 2011 Smithville, Mississippi 215 mph 23 Numerous well built, anchored buildings were completely swept away, with foundations also compromised in some cases. Impressive wind rowing of debris was also noted in every case.
April 27, 2011 Hackleburg - Phil Campbell, Alabama 205 mph 72 Numerous well built, anchor bolted and concrete reinforced buildings, including a large industrial plant, were swept entirely away. Extensive wind rowing of debris was also noted, with the foundations of some buildings also found torn apart.
April 27, 2011 Tuscaloosa - Birmingham, Alabama 205 mph 64 Numerous poorly built buildings were swept away or heavily compromised by the force of the tornado. Besides the official EF4 rating, I am giving this EF5 due to the impressive wind rowing of debris, and evidence of a rail road being bent by the force of the tornado.
April 27, 2011 Rainsville - Slylvania, Alabama 220 mph 25 Numerous well built and bolted homes were swept away, along with their porches and parts of their foundations in some cases. A well built stone building was completely leveled and its foundation partially torn out of the ground as well. Extensive ground scouring also noted.
April 27, 2011 Pisgah, Alabama - Trenton, Georgia 205 mph 14 A farm and home were completely swept away by the force of the tornado. A van was also picked up and thrown 400 yards from where it originated. Several mobile homes were also swept away as well. This tornado has been given an EF5 rating based on impressive wind rowing of debris, and a propane tank weighing several tonnes being thrown several hundred yards from where it originated.
May 22, 2011 Joplin, Missouri 210 mph 158 Most of Joplin was heavily damaged, with 25% of the city being entirely destroyed. A steel reinforced hospital was bent off its foundation, and had to be torn down following the event. Impressive wind rowing of debris was noted, and vehicles were found to have also been thrown impressive distances as well.
May 24, 2011 El Reno - Piedmont, Oklahoma 305 mph 9 Numerous bolted and anchored, well built buildings were completely swept away, trees were completely debarked, and extensive ground scouring also occurred. An oil derrick weighing 1.9 million pounds was pushed over, and then rolled 3 times by the force of the tornado. Vehicles were also thrown impressive distances before being wrapped around trees,over 0.62 miles in some cases. An oil tanker weighing 20,000 pounds was also tossed about a mile from where it originated.
May 24, 2011 Chickasha – Blanchard – Newcastle, Oklahoma 220 mph 1 Numerous well built and anchored homes were completely swept away, with a reinforced concrete dome also being severely damaged and cracked by the force of the tornado. Extensive ground scouring also occurred, with trees were completely debarked, and shrubbery was also scoured from the ground as well. In the worst hit areas, cars were tossed up to half a mile from where they originated, and stripped down to bare frames.
May 24, 2011 Washington to Goldsby, Oklahoma 210 mph None Numerous well built, securely anchored buildings were swept away completely, and severe ground scouring was noted. Vehicles were thrown very long distances and stripped to their frames as well.
May 20, 2013 Moore, Oklahoma 240 mph 24 Numerous well built, anchored homes were completely swept away, of which 9 were bolted to their foundations, and 2 schools were completely destroyed. Impressive ground scouring and wind rowing of debris also occurred, with trees being stripped completely of their bark, and small shrubbery close to ground level also being pulled up, leaving bare soils behind. A 10 ton propane tank was thrown in excess of a mile from its original location, ad another missing tank was never found. A manhole cover was removed near the Moore Medical Center, before being torn into small pieces by the extreme winds.
April 27, 2014 Vilonia, Arkansas 210 mph 16 Rated EF4 officially due to structural flaws, however, numerous homes, some of them well bolted, were completely swept away by the force of the tornado, leaving only bare foundations behind, resulting in an EF5 rating here. Impressive wind rowing of debris occurred, trees were completely debarked and reduced to stumps in some cases, and extensive ground scouring also occurred, with shrubbery also being scoured in some areas as well.Vehicles were thrown long distances and reduced to their frames, and a large 30,000 pound fertiliser tank was thrown 3/4 of a mile from the farm it originated from.
March 1, 2017 Perryville, Missouri 205 mph 1 Rated as an EF4 officially, yet appears here as an EF5 for several reasons. A large residential subdivision was completely levelled, with a few of these buildings being swept away completely. Another building in this area was not only anchored to its foundations, but also bolted as well, yet was still mostly swept clean of debris. Vehicles in this area were thrown up to 300 meters from where they originated, and trees took severe damage, being completely debarked in most cases.
April 29, 2017 Eustace - Canton, Texas 195 mph 2 Rated mid range EF4 officially, yet will be listed here as a high EF4 for the following reasons, besides uncertainties allowing an upgrade to EF5. Several homes were completely flattened during the tornado, with 3 being mostly swept away, including one that was anchored to its foundations. Severe tree damage also occurred, with trees debarked, or in some cases, reduced to small stumps, by the force of the tornado. Ground scouring was also observed in the worst hit areas, with 2-3 inches being scoured away as the tornado entered Canton. It is also worth noting that cars were tossed several hundred yards from where they originated, and severely damaged, by the force of the tornado, being mangled beyond recognition.
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